The Naturalization Process
Naturalization is the legal process through which a foreign citizen or national can become a U.S. citizen. In order to be naturalized, an applicant must first be qualified to apply for citizenship. Then, he or she must complete an application, attend an interview, and pass an English and a civics test. Upon successful completion of these steps, the applicant takes an oath of loyalty, and becomes a citizen. These legal requirements help the immigration service ensure that only those people who are sincere in their desire to become Americans become naturalized.
Who is Eligible?
The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) states that applicants for naturalization must be:
- At least eighteen years old.
- A lawful permanent resident of the United States.
- Resident and physically present in the United States for at least five years at the time of application.
- Of good moral character.
The residency requirement has some exceptions for time outside the country that your attorney can explain in detail. The USCIS also provides a Naturalization Eligibility Worksheet that helps potential applicants determine if they are able to apply. Your most important resource is an experienced immigration attorney, who can prepare your application and coach you through test and interview preparation.
If you meet these requirements, you may apply for naturalization. The government provides a range of publications to explain the naturalization process in detail. A Guide to Naturalization, available through the USCIS, may be a useful starting point for your inquiries.
Completing Your Application
Working with your attorney, you must:
- Complete Form N-400, Application for Naturalization.
- Get two photographs of yourself that meet immigration service requirements (pose, size, lighting, etc.).
- Collect the necessary documents.
- Send your application, documents and fee ($320 application fee/$70 biometric fee for fingerprinting as of August 2004) to the appropriate Service Center.
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